1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
  7. G
  8. H
  9. I
  10. J
  11. K
  12. L
  13. M
  14. N
  15. O
  16. P
  17. Q
  18. R
  19. S
  20. T
  21. U
  22. V
  23. W
  24. X
  25. Y

Index

  1. Aftershocks, 2.105, 6.24-6.27
  2. Afterwinds, 2.09, 2.18
  3. Air blast, see Blast
  4. Air burst, 1.31-1.35, 1.78, 2.03-2.17, 2.32-2.51, see also High-altitude burst
    1. afterwinds, 2.09, 2.18
    2. blast wave, 2.32-2.37, see also Blast
    3. damage, see Damage; Structures
    4. definition, 1.31
    5. EMP, 11.66, 11.67
    6. energy distribution, 1.24-1.27
    7. fireball, 2.03-2.05, 2.110-2.129
    8. ground shock, 3.51, 3.52
    9. injuries, see Injuries
    10. nuclear radiation, 2.41-2.45, see also Nuclear radiation
    11. radioactive cloud, see Cloud
      1. contamination, 9.48, 9.49
    12. radio and radar effects, see Radio and radar
    13. thermal radiation, 2.38-2.40, see also Thermal radiation
  5. Aircraft, damage, 5.94, 5.95, 5.151-5.154
  6. Alpha particles (or radiation), 1.65, 2.41, 8.01, 8.03, 9.40-9.42, 9.114
    1. attenuation, 2.42, 9.114
    2. contamination, 9.42
    3. hazard, 9.114, 12.97, 12.165, 12.173
    4. RBE, 12.97
    5. sources, 2.41, 8.01, 9.40-9.43
  7. Animals, nuclear explosion effects, 12.240-12.254
  8. Arch, loading, 4.62-4.66
  9. Arching effect, soil, 6.96—6.99
  10. Area integral, fallout, 9.160
  11. ARGUS effect, 2.146, 2.147
  12. Atmosphere, density vs. altitude, 3.66, 10.123, 10.124
    1. ionization, 10.09-10.12, see also Ionosphere
    2. pressure vs. altitude, 3.66
    3. properties, 3.66
    4. scale height, 10.123
    5. structure, 9.126-9.129
    6. visibility, 7.12
  13. Atom, 1.07
  14. Atomic bomb (or weapon), 1.11, see also Nuclear weapons
    1. cloud, see Cloud
    2. explosion, see Nuclear explosion
    3. number, 1.09
    4. structure, 1.06-1.09
  15. Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, 12.142
  16. Attenuation, radiation, see Alpha particles; Beta particles; Gamma rays, Neutrons; Transmission factors
  17. Aurora, artificial, 2.62, 2.142-2.145
  1. Ball of fire, see Fireball
  2. Base surge, see Surface burst; Underground burst; Underwater burst
  3. Beta burns, 12.155-12.162
  4. Beta particles (or radiation), 1.29, 1.43, 1.61-1.66, 2.42, 8.01, 9.13
    1. attenuation, 2.42, 9.115, 9.116
    2. and geomagnetic field, see Geomagnetic field
    3. hazard, external, 12.155-12.162
    4. internal, 12.163-12.172
    5. RBE, 12.97
    6. sources, 1.61-1.63
    7. stopping altitude, 10.29
  5. Beta patch, 2.141
  6. Biological effectiveness, relative (RBE), 12.95
  7. Biological effects of nuclear radiations, see Nuclear radiations
  8. Biological half-life, 12.170
  9. Blackout radio, see Radio and radar
  10. Blast (and Blast wave), 1.01, 1.25, 2.32-2.37, 3.01-3.85, 6.02, 6.80, 6.81, see also Dynamic pressure; Overpressure; Shockwave
    1. altitude effect, 3.44-3.46, 3.64-3.68
    2. arrival time, 3.09, 3.14, 3.63, 3.77
    3. atmospheric effects on, 3.39-3.43
    4. bending of, 3.42, 3.43
    5. characteristics, 3.01-3.20
    6. damage, see Damage
    7. and height of burst, 3.30-3.34
    8. development, 3.01-3.20
    9. diffraction, 4.03, see also Loading
    10. duration, 3.14, 3.15, 3.63, 3.76
    11. front, 1.01, 2.32, 3.02, 3.03
    12. and ground shock, 3.51, 3.52
    13. impulse, 3.49
    14. injuries, see Injuries
    15. interaction with structures, 4.01-4.67
    16. loading, see Loading
    17. Mach effect, see Mach effect
    18. and meteorological conditions, 3.39-3.43
    19. negative phase, 3.04, 3.05
    20. non ideal, 3.47, 4.67
    21. positive phase, 3.05
    22. precursor, 3.49, 3.79-3.85, 4.67
    23. pressure, see Dynamic pressure; Overpressure
    24. properties, 3.53-3.59
    25. height of burst curves, 3.73-3.77
    26. scavenging, 9.67-9.74
    27. Rankine-Hugoniot relations, 3.53-3.56
    28. reflection, 3.21-3.29, 3.78, see also Mach effect
      1. irregular, 3.24
      2. regular, 3.22
    29. refraction, 3.42, 3.43
    30. scaling laws, 3.60-3.63
    31. and structures, see Damage; Loading
    32. surface (or terrain) effects, see Terrain effects
    33. target response, 5.08-5.18, see also Damage
    34. velocity, 3.55
    35. wind, 3.07, 3.13, 3.55
  11. Blood, radiation effects, 12.124-12.132
  12. Boltzmann constant, 7.73
    1. -Stefan law, 7.82
  13. Bone seekers, 12.165
  14. Boosted weapons, 1.72
  15. Breakaway, fireball, 2.120, 2.121
  16. Bridges, damage, 5.127, 5.139, 5.140
  17. Buildings, damage, see Damage
  18. Burns, 7.32, 12.13, 12.14, 12.22, 12.51-12.89
    1. beta, 12.155-12.162
    2. classification, 12.51-12.58
    3. under clothing, 12.59-12.60
    4. to eyes, see Eye injuries
    5. flame, 12.51
    6. flash, 7.32, 12.13, 12.14, 12.18, 12.51, 12.74-12.78
    7. incapacitation from, 12.61, 12.62
    8. in Japan, 12.13, 12.14, 12.18, 12.68-12.73
    9. profile, 12.70
    10. and radiant exposure, 12.63-12.69
  19. Buses, damage, 5.87
  1. Cancer, nuclear radiation, 12.147-12.151
  2. Capture gamma rays, 8.08
  3. Carbon-14, in nature, 12.198
    1. in weapons residues, 12.197-12.199
  4. Casualties, 12.01-12.21, see also Injuries
    1. in buildings, 12.17
    2. in Japan, 12.08-12.22
  5. Cataracts, nuclear radiation, 12.144-12.146
  6. Cattle, see Animals
  7. Cavity, in underground burst, 2.102, 6.85-6.88
  8. Cesium-137, in delayed fallout, 9.124, 12.184-12.187
  9. Chain reaction, see Fission
  10. Chimney, in underground burst, 2.103, 6.88, 6.89
  11. Clean weapon, see Nuclear weapons
  12. Cloud, condensation, 2.47-2.50, 2.66
    1. radioactive, 2.06-2.17, 2.19, 2.43, 2.68, 2.97, 9.07-9.09
      1. dimensions, 2.16
      2. height, 2.16, 9.96, 10.158
      3. rate of rise, 2.12
      4. radioactivity in, 9.61
      5. radius, 2.16
      6. scavenging, 9.67-9.74
      7. stabilized, 2.15, 9.84, 9.91, 9.96
  13. Compton effect, 8.89, 8.90, 8.95, 8.97, 8.103, 11.105
    1. and EMP, 11.60-11.63, 11.66
  14. Concrete, radiation shielding, 8.41, 8.68, 8.69, 8.72, 9.120
    1. structures, damage, see Damage
  15. Conjugate points (or regions), 2.143, 10.49, 10.64, 10.65
  16. Condensation cloud, 2.47-2.50, 2.66
  17. Contamination, radioactive, 9.48-9.113, 9.154-9.162, see also Fallout; Fission products; Radioactivity, induced
    1. in air bursts, 9.48, 9.49
    2. decay, 1.64, 9.15-9.130, 9.146-9.153
    3. distribution patterns, 9.75-9.113
    4. dose calculations, 9.15-9.30
    5. hot spots, 2.31, 9.66, 9.105
    6. in surface and subsurface bursts, 9.50-9.52, 9.61
    7. in underwater bursts, 9.53-9.55
  18. Crack, in underwater burst, 2.65
  19. Crater, 2.21, 2.90, 6.03-6.11, 6.70-6.79
    1. dimensions, 6.08-6.11, 6.70-6.72
    2. formation mechanism, 2.92-2.94
    3. plastic zone, 6.07, 6.70
    4. rupture zone, 6.07, 6.70
    5. underwater, 6.60, 6.61
  20. Critical mass (or size), 1.46-1.53
    1. attainment in weapon, 1.51-1.53
  21. Crops, see Plants
  22. Cross section, neutron, 8.112
  23. Curie, 9.141
  1. Damage, 5.01-5.161, 6.104-6.114
    1. administrative buildings, 5.19-5.27, 5.139-5.141
    2. aircraft, 5.94, 5.95, 5.151-5.154
    3. arches and domes, 6.101
    4. automobiles, 5.86-5.91, 5.146
    5. brick structures, 5.139, 5.140
    6. bridges, 5.127, 5.139, 5.140
    7. buses, 5.87
    8. chimneys, 5.34
    9. commercial buildings, 5.19-5.27, 5.139, 5.140
    10. communications equipment, 5.122-5.126, 5.148
    11. concrete buildings, 5.20-5.27, 5.139, 5.140
    12. diffraction-sensitive structures, 5.139-5.145
    13. distance relationships, 5.140, 5.146
    14. domestic appliances, 5.114
    15. drag-sensitive structures, 5.146-5.154
    16. dwellings, see Damage, residences
    17. electrical distribution systems, 5.98-5.105
    18. fabrics, 7.33-7.36, 7.44-7.48
    19. forests, 5.146, 5.149, 5.150, 7.60
    20. frame buildings, 5.25, 5.26, 5.37-5.51, 5.139, 5.140
    21. gas systems, 5.108-5.121
    22. houses, see Damage, residences
    23. hydraulic structures, 6.122-6.125
    24. industrial buildings, 5.04, 5.28-5.51, 5.139, 5.140
    25. in Japan, see Japan, nuclear explosions
    26. machine tools, 5.128-5.133
    27. masonry buildings, 5.76-5.79, 5.139, 5.140
    28. mobile homes, 5.80-5.84
    29. oil tanks, 5.155
    30. plastics, 7.39, 7.40
    31. railroad equipment, 5.92, 5.93, 5.146
    32. residences, 5.04, 5.52-5.84, 5.139, 5.140, 7.28
    33. ships, 5.96, 5.97, 5.146, 6.63-6.65
    34. smokestacks, 5.34
    35. storage tanks, 5.155
    36. subways, 6.106
    37. transportation equipment, 5.85-5.97, 5.146, 5.147
    38. tunnels, 6.109
    39. utilities, 5.98-5.121
    40. vehicles, 5.86-5.91, 5.146
    41. water systems, 5.106, 5.107
  2. Decay, radioactive, 1.02, 1.62
    1. fission products, 1.54 see also Fallout, decay
  3. Decibel, 10.126
  4. Detection ionizing radiation, see Measurement
  5. Deuterium fusion reactions, 1.16, 1.67-1.71
  6. Diffraction loading, see Loading
    1. -sensitive structures, 5.139-5.145
  7. Dirty weapons, 9.47
  8. Dose (and dose rate), radiation, 8.17-8.19
    1. absorbed, 8.18, 12.94
    2. biologically effective, 12.93-12.97
    3. exposure, 8.19, 12.93
    4. from initial radiation, 8.33, 8.64, 8.121-8.127
    5. from residual (fallout) radiation, 9.12-9.30
    6. transmission factors, 8.72, 9.120
  9. Dosimeter, 8.21, 8.24, 8.29
  10. Drag loading, see Loading
    1. -sensitive structures, 5.146-5.154
  11. Ductility, materials and structures, 5.14-5.18
  12. Dynamic pressure, 3.06-3.08, 3.13-3.20
    1. decay rate, 3.07, 3.13, 3.58
    2. -distance relationships, 3.75
    3. duration, 3.76
    4. and height of burst, 3.75
    5. loading, see Loading, drag
    6. Rankine-Hugoniot relations, 3.55
    7. surface effects, 3.50, 3.82
    8. and wind, 3.07, 3.13-3.17, 3.55
  1. Earth, shielding, 8.41, 8.72, 9.156, 9.161
  2. Earthquakes, and underground bursts, 6.24-6.27
  3. Effective half-life, 12.170
  4. Electrical and electronic equipment, EMP effects, 11.26-11.59
    1. nuclear radiation effects, 8.73-8.88, 8.133-8.144
  5. Electromagnetic pulse (EMP), 1.38, 2.46, 2.61, 11.01-11.76
    1. and animals, 11.20
    2. characteristics, 11.04, 11.07-11.09, 11.63-11.65
    3. and Compton current, 11.60, 11.61
    4. damage, 11.18-11.20, 11.26, 11.30-11.33, 11.49-11.59
    5. electrical systems, 11.26, 11.32, 11.33, 11.49-11.53
    6. electronic equipment, 11.30, 11.31
    7. and electrical power systems, 11.49-11.53
    8. energy collectors, 11.16, 11.17
    9. coupling, 11.27-11.29
    10. high-altitude bursts, 11.03, 11.13-11.15, 11.26, 11.70-11.76
    11. medium-altitude bursts, 11.66, 11.67
    12. protection, 11.19, 11.33-11.40
    13. and radio stations, 11.54-11.57
    14. surface bursts, 11.03, 11.10-11.12, 11.68, 11.69
    15. system-generated, 11.21-11.25
    16. and telephone systems, 11.58, 11.59
    17. testing for response, 11.41-11.48
    18. theory, 11.60-11.76
  6. Electromagnetic radiation, 1.73-1.79, see also Thermal radiation
  7. Electromagnetic waves, see Radio and radar
  8. Electron, 1.08, see also Beta particles
  9. Electron volt, definition, 1.42
  10. EMP, see Electromagnetic pulse
  11. Energy distribution in nuclear explosions, 1.22- 1.27, 7.88, 7.101, 7.102
  12. Energy, fission, 1.43
    1. fusion, 1.69
  13. Energy yield, explosion, 1.20, 1.21, 1.45
  14. Evasive action, nuclear radiation, 8.48
    1. thermal radiation, 7.87
  15. Explosion, atomic, see Nuclear explosion
  16. Eye injuries, 7.32, 12.79-12.89
    1. cataracts, 12.144
    2. flashblindness, 12.83, 12.84, 12.87-12.89
    3. keratitis, 12.80
    4. retinal burns, 12.85-12.89
  1. Fabric damage, thermal, 7.33-7.36, 7.44, 7.48
  2. Fallout, 2.18-2.31, 2.99, 9.01-9.166
    1. air burst, 9.48, 9.49
    2. attenuation of radiation from, 9.114-9.120
    3. from BRAVO explosion, 9.114-9.120
    4. cesium-137 in delayed, 9.124, 9.145, 12.184-12.187
    5. contamination, 9.48-9.113
      1. distribution, 9.75-9.113
    6. contours, see Fallout patterns
    7. decay, 1.64, 9.12-9.30, 9.145-9.153
      1. half-residence time, 9.133
      2. stratospheric, 9.130, 9.131, 9.135-9.139
      3. tropospheric, 9.130-9.134
      4. from weapons tests, 9.140-9.141
    8. distribution, 9.59-9.63, see also Fallout patterns
    9. dose, 9.16-9.30, 9.146-9.162
      1. rate, area integral, 9.160
    10. early, 2.28, 9.03, 9.06-9.30
    11. fractionation, 9.06-9.10
    12. hazard, to animals, 12.244-12.254
      1. to humans, 12.155-12.200
      2. to plants, 12.255-12.265
    13. and height of burst, 2.128
    14. hot spots, 2.31, 9.66, 9.105
    15. iodine in delayed, 9.123
    16. local, see Fallout, early
    17. particles, rate of fall, 9.163-9.166
    18. patterns, 9.75-9.114
      1. idealized, 9.83-9.103
      2. limitations, 9.99-9.103
      3. wind effect, 9.96-9.98
    19. plutonium in, 9.40, 12.173
    20. protection factors, 9.120
    21. and rainfall, 9.67-9.74
    22. rainout, 9.74
    23. scavenging, 2.30, 9.67-9.74
    24. stratospheric, 9.130, 9.131, 9.135-9.139
    25. strontium-90 in delayed, 9.124, 9.140-9.145, 12.188-12.196
    26. surface burst, 2.23-2.31, 9.50-9.52
    27. surface (or terrain) effect, 9.95, 9.101, 9.156, 9.161
    28. tropospheric, 9.130-9.134
    29. underground burst, 2.99, 9.05, 9.51, 9.52
    30. underwater burst, 2.82, 2.85, 9.05, 9.53-9.58
    31. uranium in, 9.40-9.43
    32. washout, 9.74
    33. worldwide, see Fallout, delayed†
  3. Farm animals, see Animals
  4. Film badge, 8.26
  5. Fireball, 1.32, 1.36, 1.40, 2.03-2.05, 2.18, 2.36, 2.38-2.40, 2.54-2.59, 2.110-2.137, 7.73-7.105
    1. air burst, 2.03-2.05, 2.106-2.129, 7.83, 7.86
    2. breakaway in, 2.120
    3. debris uptake, 2.09, 2.18, 2.19, 9.50, 9.59
    4. development, 2.110-2.121
    5. dimensions, 1.32, 2.05, 2.127-2.129
    6. high-altitude burst, 2.53-2.59, 2.132, 2.136, 7.22
    7. ionization, 10.21-10.24, 10.40-10.44, 10.53-10.55, 10.62
    8. shock front development, 2.115-2.120
    9. surface burst, 2.18, 7.20
    10. thermal power, 7.82-7.85
    11. thermal radiation, 2.38-2.40, 7.01-7.04, 7.75, 7.76, 7.80-7.84
    12. underground burst, 2.91, 7.21
    13. underwater burst, 2.64, 7.21
    14. X-ray, 2.110-2.119
  6. Fires, 7.49-7.70
    1. in Japan, 7.61-7.80
    2. mass, 7.58-7.60
    3. origin, 7.49-7.53
    4. spread, 7.54-7.60
  7. Firestorm, 7.58, 7.71
  8. Fission, 1.13, 1.14, 1.21, 1.42-1.56
    1. chain, 1.42, 1.46-1.50, 1.54-1.59
    2. energy, 1.15, 1.20, 1.21
    3. distribution, 1.42-1.45
    4. TNT equivalent, 1.45
    5. explosion time scale, 1.54-1.59
    6. fragments, 1.42, 1.43
    7. generation time, 1.54
    8. products, 1.15, 1.26, 1.29, 1.43, 1.60-1.66, 2.06, 2.10, 2.11, see also Fallout, decay
    9. weapons, see Nuclear weapons
  9. Flame burns, see Burns, flame
  10. Flash blindness, 12.83, 12.84, 12.87-12.89
  11. Flash burns, see Burns, flash
  12. Fluorescence radiation, high-altitude burst, 2.131, 2.138-2.141
  13. Fog, and thermal radiation, 7.16, 7.17
  14. Food plants, see Plants
  15. Forests, damage, 5.146, 5.149, 5.150, 7.60
  16. Fractionation, fallout, 9.06-9.10
  17. Fusion reactions, 1.13, 1.16-1.18, 1.67- 1.72
    1. weapons, see Thermonuclear weapons
  1. Gamma rays {or radiation), 1.28-1.30, 1.43, 1.61-1.66, 1.71, 8.01, 8.04, 8.08-8.48
    1. attenuation, 8.38-8.42, 8.95-8.104, 9.117-9.120
    2. coefficients, 8.95-8.102
    3. biological effectiveness, 12.94
    4. buildup factor, 8.103, 8.104
    5. capture, 8.08
    6. delayed, 8.13
    7. delivery rate, 8.46-8.48
    8. dose-distance relationships, 8.31-8.37, 8.125-8.132
    9. evasive action, 8.48
    10. half-value thickness, 8.39
    11. hazard, 12.91-12.92
    12. hydrodynamic enhancement, 8.36, 8.47
    13. inelastic scattering, 8.09
    14. interaction with matter, 8.17, 8.89-8.104
    15. ionization by, 8.17, 8.21
    16. measurement, 8.20-8.30
    17. prompt, 8.12
    18. RBE, 12.94
    19. scattering, 8.44, 8.45
    20. shielding, 8.05, 8.38-8.45, 8.72, 9.120
    21. skyshine, 8.44
    22. sources, 1.61-1.63, 8.08-8.16, 9.16
    23. spectrum, nuclear explosion, 8.105
    24. stopping altitude, 10.29
    25. tenth-value thickness, 8.39-8.42, 8.102-8.104
    26. transmission factors, 8.72, 9.120
    27. and weapon yield, 8.63, 8.64
  2. Gas systems, damage, 5.108-5.121
  3. Geiger counter, 8.21
  4. Genetic effects, radiation, 12.208-12.219
  5. Geomagnetic field, and auroral phenomena, 2.142-2.145
    1. and beta particle motion, 2.143, 10.27, 10.46-10.51
    2. conjugate regions, 2.141, 2.143, 10.27, 10.47, 10.64
    3. and ionization, 10.46-10.51, 10.55, 10.63-10.66
    4. and weapon debris, 10.55, 10.63, 10.64, 10.70
  6. Glass, missile hazard, 12.42, 12.43, 12.238
  7. Ground motion, in surface burst, 6.12-6.17
  8. in underground burst, 6.33-6.40, 6.90-6.93
  9. Ground shock, see Shock
  10. Ground zero, 2.34
  11. Gun-barrel assembly, 1.52
  1. Half-life, biological, 12.170
    1. effective, 12.170
    2. radioactive, 1.63
  2. Half-residence time, delayed fallout, 9.133
  3. Half-value thickness, 8.39
  4. Harbor damage, see Hydraulic structures
  5. Height of burst and blast damage, 3.30-3.33
    1. and blast wave arrival time, 3.77
    2. and dynamic pressure, 3.75
      1. duration, 3.76
    3. and fallout, 2.128
    4. optimum, 3.73
    5. and overpressure, 3.73
      1. duration, 3.76
    6. scaling, 3.62
  6. Hematological effects, radiation, 12.124-12.132
  7. High-altitude burst, 1.24, 1.36, 1.37, 2.52-2.62, 2.130-2.150
    1. auroral phenomena, 2.62, 2.142-2.145
    2. beta patch, 2.141
    3. blast, 3.68
    4. definition, 1.36, 2.130
    5. and EMP, see Electromagnetic pulse
    6. energy distribution, 1.36, 2.130, 7.89-7.92
    7. eye injuries, 12.87
    8. fireball, 2.53-2.59, 2.131, 2.136, 7.22
    9. FISHBOWL series, 2.52
    10. fluorescence radiation, 2.131, 2.138-2.141
    11. ionization, atmospheric, 10.40-10.74
    12. and ozone layer, 2.148-2.150
    13. phenomena, 1.36, 1.37, 2.52-2.60, 2.130-2.150
    14. radio and radar effects, 10.89-10.121
    15. shock wave, 2.136
    16. thermal radiation, 2.131-2.135, 7.89-7.92, 7.102-7.105
    17. X-ray pancake, 2.130, 7.91, 7.103
  8. Hiroshima, nuclear explosion, 2.24, see also Japan
  9. Hot spots, 2.31, 9.66, 9.105
  10. House damage, see Damage, residences
  11. Hydraulic fill, craters, 6.09
  12. Hydraulic structures, damage, 6.122-6.125
  13. Hydrodynamic enhancement, 8.36, 8.47, 8.128-8.131
    1. phase, fireball, 2.117
    2. separation, 2.115
  14. Hypocenter, explosion, 2.34
  15. Hydrogen bomb, see Thermonuclear weapons
    1. isotopes, 1.16, 1.17, 1.67-1.69
  1. Ignition, materials, 7.33-7.40
  2. Implosion, 1.53
  3. Impulse, 3.59, 3.63, 3.65, 3.66
    1. and structure loading, 4.54, 4.56, 4.66
  4. Incendiary effects, see Fires
  5. Induced radioactivity, 8.16, 9.31-9.39
  6. Industrial buildings, damage, 5.04, 5.28-5.51, 5.139, 5.140
  7. Initial nuclear radiation, 1.02, 1.26-1.29, 1.34, 1.37-1.39, 2.41-2.45, 8.01-8.72, 8.89-8.124, 9.04, see also Gamma rays; Neutrons
  8. Injuries, 12.01-12.239, see also Burns; Casualties; Radiation injury
    1. blast, direct 12.24-12.38, 12.239
    2. indirect, 12.39-12.50, 12.238
    3. blood, see Blood
    4. burn, 12.51-12.78, see also Burns
    5. causes, 12.18
    6. combined, 12.133-12.143
    7. eardrums, 12.38
    8. eye, see Eye injuries
    9. in Japan, 12.08-12.23, 12.68-12.78, 12.114-12.132, 12.144-12.154
    10. ionizing radiation, 12.91, see also Radiation injury
    11. lung damage, 12.38
    12. from missiles, 12.41-12.48
    13. nuclear radiation, see Burns, beta; Radiation injury
    14. protection by buildings, 12.17
    15. thermal radiation, see Burns
  9. Iodine in delayed fallout, 9.123
  10. Ionization, 1.38, 8.17, 10.04
    1. atmospheric, 10.09-10.20, see also Geomagnetic field
    2. and electromagnetic waves, 10.04-10.08, 10.125-10.137
    3. in nuclear explosions, 10.21-10.74
      1. below 10 miles, 10.34-10.39
      2. 10 to 40 miles, 10.40-10.52
      3. 40 to 65 miles, 10.53-10.61
      4. above 65 miles, 10.62-10.74
  11. Ionizing radiation, 12.91, see also Nuclear radiation
  12. Ionosphere, 10.09-10.20
    1. electron density, 10.09
      1. delayed radiation effects, 10.154-10.164
      2. nuclear explosion effects, see Ionization, in nuclear explosions
      3. prompt radiation effects, 10.138-10.153
    2. radio and radar effects, see Radio and radar
  13. Ion pairs, 1.38, 8.17
  14. Iron, radiation shielding, 8.41, 8.104
  15. Isothermal sphere, fireball, 2.114-2.120, 2.124
  16. Isotopes, 1.09
  17. hydrogen, 1.16, 1.17, 1.67-1.69
  1. Japan, nuclear explosions, 2.24
    1. casualties, 12.08-12.23
    2. nuclear radiation injuries, 12.114-12.132, 12.144-12.154
    3. structural damage, 5.28-5.34, 5.52, 5.53, 5.85, 5.98, 5.106-5.108, 5.127
    4. thermal radiation, burns, 12.68-12.78
    5. incendiary effects, 7.61-7.72
    6. materials effects, 7.44-7.48
  1. Keloid formation, 12.78
  2. Keratitis, 12.80
  1. Leukemia, nuclear radiation, 12.147-12.149
  2. Lithium deuteride, 1.70, 1.71
  3. Loading, blast, 4.01-4.67, 6.94-6.103
    1. arched structures, 4.62-4.66
    2. buried structures, 6.94-6.103
    3. development, 4.22-4.37
      1. shape effect, 4.35-4.37
      2. size effect, 4.31-4.34
    4. diffraction, 4.03, 4.05-4.11
    5. drag, 4.12-4.14, 4.29
    6. nonideal blast wave, 4.67
    7. structures, 4.15-4.20, 4.41-4.67
      1. box-like, closed, 4.41-4.45
        1. partially open, 4.46-4.51
      2. cylindrical, 4.57-4.16
      3. open-frame, 4.52-4.56
  4. Lung injuries, 12.15, 12.28, 12.38
  1. Mach effect, 2.33-2.37, 3.24-3.31, 3.34
    1. front (or stem), 2.33-2.37, 3.25
    2. and height of burst, 3.29
    3. triple point, 3.25
  2. Machine tools damage, 5.128-5.133
  3. Marshall Islands, inhabitants, 12.175-12.183
  4. Masonry buildings, damage, 5.76-5.79, 5.139, 5.140
  5. Mean free path, 2.113, 7.79
  6. Measurement, ionizing radiation, 8.20-8.30, 8.58-8.62
  7. Megacurie, 9.141
  8. Mesosphere, 3.42, 9.126
  9. Meteorological effects, blast wave, 3.39-3.43
    1. fallout, 9.66-9.74, 9.102, see also Hot spots; Scavenging
    2. fires, 7.54, 7.58, 7.71, 7.72
  10. Million electron volt (or MeV), 1.42
  11. Mobile homes, damage, 5.80-5.84
  12. Monitoring, ionizing radiation, see Measurement
  13. Mutations, see Genetic effects
  1. Nagasaki, nuclear explosion, 2.24, see also Japan
  2. Neoplasms, nuclear radiation, 12.147-12.151
  3. Neutron, 1.08, 1.31, 8.01, 8.04, 8.49-8.72
    1. absorption (or attenuation), 8.66-8.72, 9.120
    2. capture, 8.08, 8.11, 8.16, 8.54, 8.56, 9.31-9.39
    3. cross section, 8.112
    4. delayed, 8.50
    5. dose-distance relationships, 8.121-8.124
    6. fast, 8.52
    7. fluence, 8.61
    8. flux, 8.60
      1. measurement, 8.58-8.62
    9. hydrodynamic enhancement, 8.50
    10. induced activity, 8.16, 9.31-9.39
    11. initial nuclear radiation, 8.01, 8.04, 8.49-8.72
    12. interaction with matter, 8.107-8.113
    13. ionization, 8.58, 8.59
    14. measurement, 8.58-8.62
    15. prompt, 8.50
    16. RBE, 12.97
    17. scattering, 2.41, 8.09, 8.52, 8.53, 8.107, 8.108
    18. shielding, 8.66-8.72, 9.120
    19. slow, 8.52
    20. slowing down, 8.54
    21. sources, 8.01, 8.04, 8.49-8.57
    22. spectrum, 8.53, 8.114-8.120
      1. equilibrium, 8.118, 8.119
    23. thermal, 8.52
    24. from thermonuclear (fusion) reactions, 1.69, 1.72, 8.57, 8.116, 8.117, 8.119
    25. transmission factors, 8.72, 9.120
    26. transmission from source, 8.52-8.56, 8.117-8.120
  4. Nitrogen, neutron reaction, 8.11, 8.54, 8.56, 8.110, 9.34
  5. Nuclear explosion, blast wave, 1.01, see also Blast; Shock
    1. casualties, see Casualties
    2. characteristics, 1.01-1.23
    3. and conventional explosions, 1.01-1.03
    4. damage, see Damage
    5. description, air burst, 2.03-2.51, see also Air burst
      1. high-altitude burst, 2.52-2.62, see also High-altitude burst
      2. surface burst, 2.03-2.51, see also Surface burst
      3. underground burst, 2.90-2.105
      4. underwater burst, 2.63-2.89
    6. fireball development, see Fireball
    7. incendiary effects, see Fires
    8. injuries, see Injuries; Radiation injury
    9. ionization, see Ionization
    10. nuclear radiation, see Nuclear radiation
    11. pressures, 2.107
    12. principles, 1.46-1.59
    13. radio and radar effects, see Radio and radar
    14. shock wave, 1.01, see also Blast; Shock
    15. temperatures, 1.23, 2.107, 7.75
    16. thermal radiation: see Thermal radiation
    17. types, 1.31-1.41, 2.01, 2.02
  6. Nuclear radiation, 1.02, 1.34-1.39, 2.41-2.45
    1. from air burst, 1.33-1.35, 2.44, 2.45
    2. biological effects, on animals, 12.240-12.254
      1. on man, see Radiation injury
      2. on plants, 12.240-12.243, 12.255-12.265
    3. initial, see Initial nuclear radiation
    4. injuries, see Radiation injury
    5. prompt, 2.41
    6. residual, see Residual nuclear radiation
    7. from surface burst, 2.23-2.31, 8.37, 8.65, 9.50-9.52
    8. transmission factors, 8.72, 9.120
    9. from underground burst, 1.39, 2.99, 2.100
    10. from underwater burst, 2.77-2.79, 2.81, 2.82, 2.89
  7. Nuclear weapons, 1.02, 1.11, 1.19-1.21, 1.51-1.72, see also Nuclear explosions
    1. boosted, 1.72
    2. clean and dirty, 9.47
    3. criticality attainment, 1.51-1.53
    4. fission, 1.46-1.59
    5. fusion, 1.67-1.72, see also Thermonuclear weapons
    6. salted, 9.11
    7. thermonuclear, see Thermonuclear weapons
    8. yield, 1.20, 1.21
  8. Nucleus, atomic, 1.08
  9. Nuclide, 1.10
    1. radioactive, 1.30
  1. Oil-tank damage, 5.155
  2. Overpressure, 2.33, 3.01-3.05, 3.21-3.34, 3.53-3.85, see also Blast; Loading; Mach effect
    1. decay rate, 3.09, 3.57
    2. distance relationships, 3.73
    3. duration, 3.76
    4. free air, 3.72
    5. and height of burst, 3.73, 3.76
    6. loading, see Loading, diffraction
    7. negative, 3.05
    8. peak, 3.02, 3.74
      1. arrival time, 3.77
    9. Rankine-Hugoniot relations, 3.55, 3.56
    10. reflected, 3.56, 3.78
    11. scaling, 3.66
    12. surface (terrain) effects, 3.47-3.50, 3.79-3.85
  3. Ozone layer, nuclear explosion effects, 2.148-2.150
  1. Pair production, gamma-ray, 8.92
  2. Particles, rate of fall, 9.163-9.166
  3. Pathology, radiation injury, 12.220-12.237
  4. Photoelectric effect, gamma-ray, 8.91
  5. Photon, 1.74, 7.79
  6. Planck equation (or theory), 1.74, 7.73, 7.74
  7. Plants, nuclear explosion effects, 12.240-12.243, 12.255-12.265
  8. Plastic deformation, 5.15
  9. Plastics, thermal damage, 7.39
  10. Plastic zone, crater, 6.07, 6.70
  11. Plutonium, fission, 1.14, 1.15, 1.18, 1.42, 1.44, 1.45
    1. hazard, 12.173
    2. in weapons residues, 9.40-9.43
    3. Polar front, 9.127
  12. Precursor, blast wave, 3.49, 3.79-3.85
    1. loading, 4.67
  13. Pressure, blast and shock, see Dynamic pressure; Loading; Overpressure
  14. Profile burns, 12.70
  15. Protection, see Evasive action; Shielding
    1. factors, initial radiation, 8.72
      1. fallout, 9.120
  16. Proton, 1.08
  1. Quantum, 1.74
    1. theory, see Planck
  1. Rad, 8.18
  2. Radar effects, see Radio and radar
  3. Radiant exposure, 7.35
    1. power, 7.74, 7.82-7.84, 7.86
  4. Radiation injury, 12.90-12.237
    1. acute, 12.102-12.132
    2. blood, 12.124-12.132
    3. cancer (neoplasms), 12.147-12.151
    4. cataracts, 12.144-12.146
    5. clinical phenomena, 12.108-12.123
    6. delayed, 12.142-12.154
    7. from fallout,
      1. early, 12.155-12.183
      2. delayed, 12.184-12.200
    8. genetic, 12.208-12.219
    9. pathology, 12.220-12.237
    10. thyroid, 12.171, 12.181-12.183
  5. Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 12.142
  6. Radiation, nuclear, see Gamma rays; Neutrons; Nuclear radiation
  7. Radioactive capture, neutrons, 8.08
  8. Radioactive cloud, see Cloud
  9. Radioactive half-life, 1.63
  10. Radioactivity, 1.02, 1.28-1.30, 1.61-1.66, see also Fallout
    1. induced, 8.16, 9.31-9.39
  11. Radioflash, see Electromagnetic pulse
  12. Radionuclide, 1.30
  13. Radio and radar effects, 10.01-10.164, see also Ionization, in nuclear explosions
    1. attenuation, signal, 10.78, 10.79
    2. blackout, 10.01
    3. Doppler shift, 10.83
    4. degradation, signal, 10.75-10.77
    5. HF (high-frequency), 10.100-10.107
    6. hydromagnetic disturbance, 10.26
    7. initial radiation, 10.149-10.153
    8. LF (low-frequency), 10.97, 10.98
    9. MF (medium-frequency), 10.82-10.84
    10. noise, 10.80, 10.81
    11. phase changes, 10.82-10.84, 10.94
    12. radar systems, 10.114-10.122
    13. radio systems, 10.89-10.113, 10.122
    14. residual radiation, 10.154-10.164
    15. scattering, 10.87, 10.88
    16. summary, 10.122
    17. UHF (ultrahigh-frequency), 10.112, 10.113
    18. VHF (very-high-frequency), 10.92-10.111
    19. VLF (very-low-frequency), 10.92-10.96
  14. Railroad equipment, damage, 5.92, 5.93, 5.146
  15. Rainout, 9.74
  16. Rankine-Hugoniot relations, 3.53-3.56
  17. RBE (Relative biological effectiveness), 12.94
  18. Reflection, blast wave, see Blast wave; Mach effect
  19. Reinforced-concrete buildings, damage, 5.20- 5.27, 5.139, 5.140
  20. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE), 12.94
  21. Rem, 12.95
  22. Residences, damage, 5.04, 5.52-5.84, 5.139, 5.140, 7.28
  23. Residual nuclear radiation, 1.02, 1.26-1.30, 1.35, 1.39, 9.01-9.166, see also Fallout; Radioactivity, induced
  24. Response, spectrum, 6.90
    1. structures, 5.08-5.18, see also Damage
  25. Retinal burns, see Eye injuries
  26. Roentgen, 8.17
  27. Rupture zone, crater, 6.07, 6.70
  1. Scattering, see Compton effect; Gamma radiation; Thermal radiation; Neutrons
  2. Scavenging, fallout, 2.30, 9.67-9.74
  3. Scintillation counter, 8.23
  4. Seismic effects, 2.102, 2.105, 6.19-6.27
  5. Semiconductor detector, 8.22
  6. Semiconductor, EMP effects, 11.31, 11.32
    1. radiation effects, 8.77-8.80
  7. Shake, 1.54
  8. Shielding, gamma rays, 8.05, 8.38-8.45, 8.72, 9.120
    1. neutrons, 8.66-8.72
    2. thermal radiation, 7.18, 7.19
  9. Ships, damage, 5.96, 5.97, 5.146, 6.63-6.65
  10. Shock (and Shock wave), 1.01, 1.33, 6.82-6.84, see also Blast
    1. front, 1.01, 3.03
    2. in fireball, 2.155-2.120
    3. ground, in air burst, 3.51, 3.52
    4. damage from, 6.104-6.114
    5. in surface burst, 6.12-6.17
    6. in underground burst, 6.18, 6.19, see also Seismic effects
    7. in underwater burst, 6.14-6.52, 6.115-6.118
  11. Skin burns, see Burns
  12. Skyshine, gamma-ray, 8.44
  13. Slick, in underwater burst, 2.65
  14. Smoke, and thermal radiation, 7.16, 7.17
  15. Soil, vaporization in surface burst, 2.18
  16. Spray dome in underwater burst, 2.66, 2.84
  17. Stagnation pressure, 4.25
  18. Stefan-Boltzmann law, 7.82
  19. Stopping altitude, 10.29
  20. Storage tank, damage, 5.155
  21. Stratosphere, 9.126
    1. fallout from, 9.130, 9.131, 9.135-9.139
  22. Stopping altitude, radiation, 10.29
  23. Strontium-90 in delayed fallout, 9.124, 9.140-9.145
    1. radiation hazard, 12.188-12.196
  24. Structural damage, see Damage
  25. Structures, see Damage; Loading
  26. Subsurface bursts, see Surface; Underground; Underwater
  27. Subways, damage, 6.106
  28. Surface (and shallow underground) burst, 1.40, 2.18-2.31, 2.90-2.100, 6.01-6.18
    1. air blast, 2.32-2.37, 3.34-3.74, 6.02, 6.80, 6.81
    2. characteristics, 2.18-2.37, 2.90-2.100, 6.01-6.18
    3. contact, 3.34, 3.74
    4. crater formation, 2.21, 2.90-2.94, 6.03-6.11, 6.70-6.79, see also Crater
    5. damage in, 6.28-6.31, 6.94-6.103
    6. EMP effect, 11.03, 11.10- 11.12, 11.68, 11.69
    7. fallout, 2.23-2.31, 9.50-9.52, see also Fallout
    8. fireball, 2.18, 7.20
    9. ground motion, 6.82-6.84
    10. ground shock, 6.12-6.18
    11. nuclear radiation, initial, 8.37, 8.65, see also Nuclear radiation
    12. residual, 2.23-2.31, 9.50-9.52
    13. radioactive cloud, 2.19-2.22
    14. contamination, 9.50-9.52
    15. thermal radiation, 7.20, 7.42, 7.101
  29. Surface effects on blast, see Terrain effects
  30. Surface zero, 2.34
  31. Survey meter, 7.30
  1. Tamper, nuclear weapon, 1.50
  2. Tenth-value thickness, 8.38, 8.102
  3. Terrain effects, on blast, 3.35-3.38, 3.47-3.50, 3.79-3.85
    1. on fallout, 9.95, 9.101, 9.156; 9.161
  4. Thermal layer, 3.80
  5. Thermal pulses, in air burst, 2.38-2.40, 7.86, 7.87
    1. in high-altitude burst, 2.132, 2.133, 7.89
  6. Thermal radiation, 1.02, 1.22-1.25, 1.73-1.79, 7.01-7.105
    1. absorption, in materials, 7.23-7.31, 7.33, 7.34
    2. in air burst, 1.33, 2.38-2.40, 7.03-7.05, 7.85-7.100
    3. and atmospheric conditions, 7.11-7.17, 7.98
    4. attenuation, 7.08-7.19, 7.94, 7.98
    5. burns, see Burns, flash
    6. damage, 7.33-7.40
    7. definition, 7.02
    8. effects, 7.23-7.53
      1. in Japan, 7.44-7.48, 7.61-7.72
    9. energy fraction, air burst, 1.25, 7.04, 7.88
      1. high-altitude burst, 7.22, 7.90, 7.102, 7.104
      2. surface burst, 7.101
    10. evasive action, 7.87
    11. exposure-distance relationship, 7.41-7.43, 7.93-7.105
    12. and fabrics, 7.27, 7.33-7.35
    13. from fireball, 7.01-7.22, 7.73-7.92
    14. in high-altitude burst, 7.22, 7.89-7.92, 7.102-7.105
    15. ignition exposures, 7.35, 7.40
    16. incendiary effects, 7.49-7.72
    17. injuries, 7.32, 12.51-12.78
    18. materials ignition, 7.33-7.40, 7.44-7.49
    19. and plastics, 7.39
    20. primary, 1.77, 7.01, 7.75, see also Thermal X-rays
    21. prompt, 7.02
    22. pulses, see Thermal pulses
    23. radiant exposure, 7.35
      1. power, 7.74, 7.82-7.84, 7.86
    24. scattering, 7.08, 7.10-7.17, 7.19, 7.95, 7.98
    25. shielding, 7.18, 7.19
    26. smoke and fog effects, 7.16, 7.17
    27. in surface burst, 7.20, 7.101
    28. transmittance, 7.95-7.98, 7.101, 7.104, 7.105
    29. underground burst, 2.99
    30. underwater burst, 2.80
  7. Thermal X-rays, 1.77-1.79, 7.01, 7.75, 7.80, 7.81, 7.90-7.92, 7.104
    1. ionization, 10.53, 10.57, 10.60, 10.62, 10.69
  8. Thermonuclear (fusion) reactions, 1.17-1.19, 1.67-1.72
    1. weapons, 1.67-1.72
      1. fallout patterns, 9.94
      2. gamma rays, 8.33
      3. neutrons, 8.64, 8.116, 8.117, 8.119
  9. Thermosphere, 3.43, 9.126
  10. Thyroid abnormalities, 12.171, 12.181-12.183
  11. Time scale, fission explosion, 1.54-1.59
  12. TNT equivalent, 1.20, 1.45
  13. Trailer coach, damage, 5.80-5.84
  14. Transient-radiation effects on electronics (TREE), 8.73-8.88, 8.133-8.144
    1. characteristics, 8.73-8.76
    2. effects on equipment, 8.77, 8.78
    3. mechanism, 8.133-8.144
  15. Transmission factors, initial nuclear radiation, 8.72
    1. residual nuclear radiation, 9.120
    2. Transmittance, thermal radiation, 7.95-7.98, 7.101-7.104, 7.105
  16. Transportation equipment, damage, 5.85-5.97, 5.146, 5.147
  17. Trinity test, 2.36, 12.245, 12.246
  18. Triple point, 3.25, see also Mach effect
  19. Tritium, thermonuclear (fusion) reactions, 1.67- 1.70
    1. in residual radiation, 12.197, 12.200
  20. Tropopause, 2.13, 9.126
  21. Troposphere, 3.40, 9.126
    1. fallout from, 9.130-9.134
  22. Tunnels, damage, 6.109
  1. Ultraviolet radiation, 1.73, 1.78, 2.38, 2.39, 7.75, 7.76
  2. Underground burst (deep), 1.39, 2.90-2.105, 6.19-6.40, 6.85-6.93
    1. aftershocks, 2.105, 6.20-6.27
    2. air blast, 6.02, 6.53
    3. base surge, 2.96-2.98
    4. cavity, 2.102, 6.85-6.88
    5. characteristics, 2.90-2.105
    6. chimney, 2.103, 6.89
    7. damage criteria, 6.104-6.114
    8. fallout, 2.98, see also Fallout
    9. fault displacement, 6.20-6.27
    10. fireball, 2.91
    11. ground motion, 6.33-6.40
    12. loading, buried structures, 6.104-6.111
    13. seismic effects, 6.19-6.27
    14. shallow, see Surface burst
    15. shock wave, 6.18, 6.19, 6.33
    16. and structures, 6.33-6.40
  3. Underwater burst, 1.39, 2.63-2.89, 6.41-6.69, 6.115-6.125
    1. air blast, 6.53, 6.68, 6.69
    2. base surge, radioactive, 2.76-2.79
    3. visible.2.72-2.75
    4. characteristics, 2.63-2.79, 6.41-6.69
    5. cloud, 2.69
    6. column, 2.67, 2.68
    7. contamination, water, 9.53-9.58
    8. crack, 2.65
    9. crater formation, 6.60, 6.61
    10. damage, 6.62-6.64
    11. deep, 2.81-2.89
    12. fireball, 2.64
    13. hydraulic structures, damage, 6.122-6.124
    14. nuclear radiation, 2.74-2.79, 2.81, 2.82, see also Fallout
    15. overpressure, water, 6.41
    16. plume, 2.67
    17. shallow, 2.63-2.82
    18. ships, damage, 6.58, 6.63-6.69
    19. shock wave, 6.41-6.52, 6.62-6.69, 6.115-6.118
    20. reflection, 6.43, 6.44-6.52
    21. surface cutoff, 6.43
    22. slick, 2.65
    23. thermal radiation, 2.80
    24. water waves, 2.70, 2.71, 6.54-6.59, 6.119-6.121
  4. Unit-time reference dose rate, 9.16-9.23, 9.92-9.95
  5. Uranium fission, 1.14, 1.15, 1.18, 1.42, 1.44, 1.45, 1.72
    1. hazard, 12.174
    2. in weapons residues, 9.31, 9.40-9.42
  6. Utilities, damage, 5.98-5.121
  1. Vehicle, damage, 5.86-5.91, 5.146
  1. Wall-bearing structures, 5.27, 5.139
  2. Wall failure, 5.145
  3. Weapons, nuclear, see Nuclear weapons
  4. Weather effects, see Meteorological effects
  5. Wien's displacement law, 7.77
  6. Wilson cloud, 2.47-2.50, 2.66
  7. Wind, and fallout patterns, 9.96-9.98
  8. Wind (dynamic pressure), 3.07, 3.08, 3.13, 3.14, 3.16
    1. velocity, 3.07, 3.55
  9. Wood, thermal radiation effects, 7.37, 7.38, 7.40, 7.44
  10. Worldwide fallout, see Fallout, delayed†
  1. X-ray fireball, 2.110
  2. X rays, 1.73, 1.77, 1.79
    1. absorption, 2.134, 7.80, 7.81, 7.92
    2. degradation, 1.78, 2.38, 7.02, 7.75
    3. ionization, atmospheric, 10.53, 10.57, 10.60, 10.62, 10.69
    4. pancake, 2.134, 2.135, 7.91, 7.103
    5. stopping altitude, 10.29
    6. thermal, see Thermal X-rays
  1. Yield, explosion, 1.20, 1.21, 1.45
  1. † This exact entry is not present in the 1977 edition, despite appearing in the 1962 edition. We have substituted a link to the entry for “Fallout.”