Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (1996)

Summary

Multilateral agreement signed by the US, CIS, UK, and 90 non-nuclear-weapon states would ban any and all nuclear tests, big or small, above and below the Earth's surface. It established a worldwide monitoring system - including 170 seismic stations - to check air, water and soil for signals that someone set off a nuclear explosion.

The 44 nations, each possessing various degrees of nuclear capability, that must ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty for it to take effect:

Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Britain, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, North Korea, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United States and Vietnam.

The 26 nations among the 44 that have ratified the treaty:

Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Britain, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.

The 15 nations among the 44 that have signed but not yet ratified the treaty:

Algeria, Bangladesh, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and Vietnam.

The United States signed the treaty but failed to ratify the treaty.

The three nations among the 44 that have neither signed nor ratified the treaty:

India, Pakistan, North Korea

Russia revoked its ratification on Nov 2, 2023.